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蚯蚓生物有机培肥对金萱绿茶品质成分的影响
作者: 周 波  黎健龙  唐 颢  唐劲驰*  
单位: (广东省农业科学院 茶叶研究所/广东省茶树资源创新利用重点实验室  广州 510640)  
关键词: 绿茶  蚯蚓  生物有机培肥  茶叶品质  
分类号:S571.062
出版年,卷(期):页码:2017 ,48 ( 7 ): 页码:1261-1265
摘要:

【目的】探究蚯蚓生物有机培肥(Bio-organic fertilization technology,FBO)对金萱绿茶品质的影响及其作用机制,为该技术在茶园土壤培肥中推广应用提供理论依据。【方法】采用长期定位试验,比较两种蚯蚓FBO处理(100% FBO和50% FBO)与常规化肥处理(CK)下的金萱绿茶产量及感官审评综合得分差异,并分析其水浸出物、茶多酚、氨基酸、可溶性糖、咖啡碱含量及酚氨比等品质成分指标的变化。【结果】应用蚯蚓FBO能在保证茶叶产量的同时显著提升茶叶综合品质3.5%~5.7%(P<0.05,下同),并显著降低茶叶咖啡碱含量,轻微提升可溶性糖含量。蚯蚓FBO处理下的金萱绿茶氨基酸总量低于CK,与总氮投入量较低有关。主成分分析结果显示,第一主成分贡献率为46.56%,第二主成分贡献率为30.46%;对第一主成分贡献最大的指标是咖啡碱,对第二主成分贡献最大的指标是可溶性糖,即应用蚯蚓FBO可提升茶叶品质的原因主要与咖啡碱含量降低和可溶性糖含量增加有关。【结论】金萱绿茶施用有机肥+接种蚯蚓能完全或部分替代化肥,减少化肥用量,促进茶叶产量提高和品质提升,可在茶叶生产上推广应用。

【Objective】The effects of earthworm bio-organic fertilization(FBO) on quality of Jinxuan green tea and its mechanism were researched, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the application of FBO in the tea garden soil fertilization. 【Method】A long-term experiment was carried out. Tea leaf yield and sensory evaluation comprehensive score were compared between two earthworm bio-organic fertilization treatments(100% FBO and 50% FBO) and conventional fertilizer treatment(CK). And the change of water extract, tea polyphenol, amino acid,soluble sugar,tea caffeine and tea polyphenol- amino acid ratio were analyzed. 【Result】The application of FBO could significantly improve the comprehensive tea quality by 3.5%-5.7%(P<0.05, the same below) without production reducing, significantly reduce tea caffeine content, and slightly increase soluble sugar content. The total amount of amino acid in earthworm FBO treatment was lower than that of CK because of lower nitrogen inputs. Principal component analysis showed that, the contribution rate of the first principal component was 46.56%, that of the second principal component was 30.46%. The indicator that contributed the most to the first principal component was tea caffeine, and the one contributed the most to the second principal component was soluble sugar. In another words, the reason earthworm FBO could improve tea quality was mainly related to tea caffeine content reduction and soluble sugar content increase. 【Conclusion】The application of organic fertilizers+earthworm inoculation in tea plantation can completely or partially replace fertilizer, which can reduce the amount of fertilizer, and promote the production and quality of Jinxuan green tea. The FBO technology can be applied to tea production.

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