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| 利用多元统计方法评价两种不同土壤有机碳组分和团聚体稳定性特征 |
| 作者： 杨 慧1 2 张春来1 2 黄 芬1 2 谢银财1 2 曹建华1 2* |
| 单位： （1 中国地质科学院 岩溶地质研究所/国土资源部 广西岩溶动力学重点实验室 广西 桂林 541004；2 联合国教科文组织 |
| 关键词： 土壤有机碳组分 团聚体稳定性 主成分分析 聚类分析 |
| 分类号：S153.61 |
| 出版年,卷(期):页码：2015 ,46 ( 6 )： 页码：971-977 |
| 摘要： |
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【目的】筛选出对土壤有机碳变化敏感且能反映有机碳稳定性的指标，为土壤有机碳稳定性动态监测与评价提供参考。【方法】以桂林毛村岩溶区石灰土和碎屑岩区红壤两种不同土壤为例，通过选取11种指标对表征土壤有机碳活性和团聚体稳定性的指标进行主成分分析和聚类分析。【结果】选取的11种指标可分为两大类，一类与土壤养分及其有机碳组分密切相关，包括有机碳、总氮、总磷、颗粒有机碳、易氧化有机碳和难降解有机碳；另一类与团聚体稳定性密切相关且潜在影响土壤有机碳，包括平均重量直径、几何平均直径、分形维数、偏倚系数和＞0.25 mm粒径土壤团聚体比例。此外，岩溶区与碎屑岩区的旱地土壤有机碳含量均较低，次表层（20~50 cm土层）土壤有机碳含量也较低，林地和灌丛自然土壤的土壤团聚体稳定性均较好，而水田的团聚体稳定性最差。聚类分析结果表明，14个不同类型土壤样本可聚为5类，其中kD1、kD2、kF2、cF2、cS1可归为一类，kP2、cP2、cD2、cD1归为一类，cP1、cF1和kF1归为一类，三者土壤有机碳含量分别处于中等、最低、较高水平；kP1和kS1各自聚为一类，其土壤团聚体稳定性最差或有机碳及其组分含量及团聚体稳定性最高。【结论】应用多元统计方法不仅可筛选出对土壤有机碳稳定性响应较敏感的主成分，还可以建立主成分中各指标之间的关系；在喀斯特地区，两种不同地质背景土壤中的有机碳活性和土壤团聚体稳定很大程度上受土地利用方式的影响。 |
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：【Objective】The present study was conducted to screen indices sensitive to soil organic carbon change and reflecting organic carbon stability in order to provide references for dynamic monitoring and evaluation of soil organic carbon stability. 【Method】By selecting 11 indices， the principal competent analysis （PCA） and cluster analysis （CA） methods were used for analyzing the characteristic indices representing soil organic carbon activity and aggregate stability of limestone soil in karst area and red soil in clasolite area in Maochun village of Guilin City， China. 【Result】The results of PCA and CA showed that， eleven indices could be divided into two groups， one was related to soil nutrient and soil organic carbon fraction， viz.， soil organic carbon， total nitrogen， total phosphorus， particular organic carbon， liable organic carbon， and refractory organic carbon；the other was related to soil aggregate stability， viz.，mean weight diameter，geometric mean diameter，fractal dimension， bias coefficient，proportion of soil aggregate>0.25 mm. As to both of karst area and clastic rock area， relatively lower organic carbon content was found in soil samples of dry land and soil sub-surface （20-50 cm depth）； relatively stable soil aggregate stability of natural soil was found in woodland and scrub； the lowest soil aggregate stability was found in soil samples of paddy field. The 14 soil samples could be divided into 5 categories， wherein land-use type kD1， kD2， kF2， cF2 and cS1 were classified into one class with moderate level of soil organic carbon content； kP2， cP2， cD2 and cD1 were clustered into one class with the lowest soil organic carbon content； cP1， cF1 and kF1 were in one classwith a relatively higher level of soil organic carbon content. Land use type kP1 and kS1 belonged to two different classes；kP1 presented the weakest soil aggregate stability， while kS1 showed the highest content of organic carbon and its components， and stronger aggregate stability. 【Conclusion】The multivariate statistics methods including principle component analysis and cluster analysis， can not only screen the principle components that are more sensitive to stability of soil organic carbon， but also establish the relationship amongst all indices in principle components. In Karst area， the organic carbon activity and aggregate stability of soils with two geological backgrounds were greatly affected by land-use type by using PCA analysis. |
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