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11种除草剂对穿心莲安全性评价及田间杂草防除效果 |
作者: 马永林1 郭成林1 马跃峰1 王彦辉1 覃建林1* 吴文松2 |
单位: (1 广西农业科学院 植物保护研究所/广西作物病虫害生物学重点实验室 南宁 530007; |
关键词: 穿心莲 除草剂 安全性 防除效果 |
分类号:S482 |
出版年,卷(期):页码:2015 ,46 ( 3 ): 页码:433-436 |
摘要: |
【目的】筛选对穿心莲安全性较好的苗前除草剂品种,为穿心莲田间杂草防控提供科学依据。【方法】采用室内盆栽试验测定11种除草剂对穿心莲的安全性;根据室内盆栽试验结果,从供试除草剂中选出对穿心莲比较安全(出苗率>65%)的除草剂品种进行田间药效试验。【结果】33%二甲戊乐灵EC、48%氟乐灵EC和48%仲丁灵EC处理对穿心莲的出苗率影响较小,穿心莲出苗率均在85%以上,且与清水对照的出苗率无显著差异(P>0.05);出苗率在65%~80%的有50%吡唑草胺EC、60%丁草胺EC、80%唑嘧磺草胺WDG和25%砜嘧磺隆WDG处理;其余除草剂处理在试验剂量下穿心莲出苗率均低于65%。从穿心莲幼苗的生长情况看,33%二甲戊乐灵EC处理对穿心莲幼苗的生长抑制率小于10%,其余10种除草剂处理对穿心莲幼苗的生长抑制率均在28%以上。在田间药效试验中,33%二甲戊乐灵EC对禾本科杂草的防效均显著高于其他除草剂的防效(P<0.05,下同),对阔叶杂草的防效与80%唑嘧磺草胺WDG处理相当,但对作物的安全性显著高于80%唑嘧磺草胺WDG。【结论】33%二甲戊乐灵EC是目前防除穿心莲田间杂草较安全的苗前除草剂品种,可在穿心莲生产中推广应用。 |
【Objective】Pre-emergence herbicides for Andrographis paniculata(Burm.f.)Nees were screened in order to develop scientific control measures for field weeds. 【Method】Safety of 11 kinds of pre-emergence herbicides to Andrographis paniculata(Burm.f.) Nees were tested by indoor pot experiment. According to the results of indoor pot experiment, relative safe herbicides(emergence rate>65%)were chosen to be used in field trials. 【Result】Emergence of Andrographis paniculata(Burm.f.) Nees was less affected by 33% pendimethalin EC,48% trifluralin EC and 48%butralin EC treatment, in which Andrographis paniculata(Burm.f.) Nees emergence rate was more than 85% with no significant difference in water control(P>0.05). Emergence rate was 65%-80% with 50% metazachlor EC,60% butachlor EC, 80% flumetsulam WDG and 25% rimsulfuron WDG, while in the rest of the herbicide treatments, Andrographis paniculata(Burm.f.) Nees emergence rate was lower than 65%. Growth inhibition rate of Andrographis paniculata(Burm.f.) Nees seedlings was less than 10% using 33% pendimethalin EC treatment, whereas Andrographis paniculata(Burm.f.) Nees seedlings growth inhibition rate was above 28% in the remaining 10 herbicides treatments. In field efficacy trials, 33% pendimethalin EC proved to be best for controlling gramineous weed(P<0.05,the same below), and its control efficiency against broadleaf weed was equal to 80% flumetsulam WDG, but its safety was significantly higher than 80% flumetsulam WDG. 【Conclusion】33% pendimethalin EC, an important pre-emergence herbicide kind,is currently safer to control the weed in Andrographis paniculata(Burm.f.) Nees field, thus it can be extended in the production of Andrographis paniculata(Burm.f.) Nees. |
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