【Objective】The relations between different harvest maturity and tobacco quality as well as its applicability were investigated to provide theoretical and technical references for improving the quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves and industrial application. 【Method】 Based on the different appearance characteristics of tobacco leaves， different harvest maturity treatments were set to analyze the effects of different maturity on appearance quality， physical characteristics， chemical composition and smoking quality of the flue-cured tobacco leaves. 【Result】The results showed that there is no difference about the appearance quality of the lower leaves with different maturity. As for the appearance quality of the middle leaves and upper leaves， maturity were better than proper maturity and over-maturity. Physical indicators of the upper leaves with proper maturity， the middle leaves with proper maturity or maturity and the lower leaves with proper maturity were relatively superior. The contents of main chemical components（total sugar， potassium ion， reducing sugar， chloride ion， total nitrogen， sugar-nicotine ratio， potassium-chlorine ratio）in tobacco samples of different parts with different maturity were at a right level， and the inner quality was good. Smoking test results showed that the taste of the upper leaves with maturity was pure and mild with little irritancy and strength， and the aftertaste was good. The smoking aroma quality of the middle leaves with maturity was the best due to little smoke concentration， offensive odor， irritancy and strength. The volume of aroma of the lower leaves with proper maturity was good. Its smoke concentration was suitable， and the taste was pure and mild. 【Conclusion】Quality of tobacco leaves would be improved when the lower leaves at pre-mature stage， and the middle and upper at mature stage in Jingdong County，Yunnan Province.