【Objective】The present study was conducted to find out the effects of vinasse application on sugarcane growth in order to increase cane and sugar yield， eliminate environmental pollution， and to develop technology for recycling sugar industry wastes and extend the quantitative field-returning technique for vinasse in sugarcane production areas. 【Method】A comparative test on vinasse and conventional fertilizer （CK） application was conducted using sugarcane variety ROC 22. The vinasse （120 t/ha； 7.0-7.5 Brix） was applied in sugarcane fields at 7-10 days after planting. Agronomic traits and physiological indices of sugarcane plants were determined. 【Result】Compared with conventional fertilizer treatment （CK）， the vinasse treatment increased cane yield by 30.2% and showed significant improvement in seedling emergence rate， tillering rate， plant height， stalk diameter， millable canes， total chlorophyll and field brix. 【Conclusion】The experimental results revealed that application of suitable concentration of vinasse considerably enhanced the growth of sugarcane， and significantly improved cane yield and sucrose content.