【Objective】The present experiment was aimed to find out the possibilities of rice stripe virus coat protein （RSV-CP） import into chloroplasts in vitro in order to provide references for studying the pathogenesis of rice stripe virus.【Method】Rice and wheat chloroplast was obtained by using leaf-cut method. The system of RSV-CP import into chloroplasts in vitro， and the effects of the incubation time and the concentration of RSV on import efficiency were also studied. 【Result】RSV-CP was found able to import into isolated chloroplasts of RSV host plants including rice and wheat in 5 min. The lowest concentration of RSV in the import system was 58.1 μg/mL and the best incubation time was 15 min in the current studies. By extending the incubation time or increasing RSV concentration， the amount of RSV-CP import into the chloroplasts was increased. 【Conclusion】The study reveals that RSV-CP import into rice and wheat chloroplast in vitro is possible. This may be one of the leading causes of mosaic symtoms.