Plants with cytoplasmic male sterility（CMS） failed to produce viable pollen， and this was resulted from dysfunctional mitochondrial DNA. It has been demonstrated that the expression of some nuclear genes was cis-regulated by mitochondrial genes and vice versa. Although some vegetative mitochondrial-proteome data have been obtained from a few plant varieties， their counterpart in anther remained elusive. Considering that most of the important crops such as rice， wheat， and corn have short flowering duration and small and unsynchronized anthers， etc.， this article discusses about the research status on the origin of mitochondria， mitochondrial proteome， plant CMS their importance and difficulties in studying proteome of anther mitochondria in cereal crops. A strategy was put forward to use comparative genomics unveiling rice nucleus-encoded mitochondrial proteins， and cytoplasmic male sterility（CMS）-related genes. The strategy has important reference value for the study of CMS related genes in cereal crops， especially for the mechanism of CMS in rice.