【Objective】 The paper investigates the current status of rice production in Brunei in order to provide references for the further agricultural cooperation between China and Brunei. 【Method】 Field investigations and the results of Brunei-China co-cultivation experiments on rice were analyzed to study the current status of rice production and main constraints limiting the rice production. 【Result】 Brunei imports most of the rice from Thailand and produces only 6-8% of rice consumption in Brunei. Further, the insufficient means for agricultural production and unsatisfactory role of agricultural management organization appeared to be the main constraints in Brunei. The main limiting factors for rice production in Brunei were identified as: lack of infrastructure and extensive field management， failure in timely implementation of agriculture plans， less efforts in breeding new rice varieties，etc. The Brunei-China co-cultivation experiment on rice showed that the growth period of five Chinese rice varieties， planted in Brunei， shortened by 20 days compared to their growth duration in China， and the yield and quality of these five varieties in Brunei decreased compared to their yield in China. However， their yields were found to be higher than Bruneian rice varieties. The factors responsible for decrease in rice yield were found to be the slightly acidic nature of soils and their weak water holding capacity， poorly developed irrigation and drainage system， and occurrence of serious diseases， insects， pests and birds. 【Conclusion】 Based on the analysis， some strategies to improve the rice production in Brunei have been suggested， which include perfection and implementation of rice development planning， improvement in agricultural management system， development of irrigation resources and water conservation， establishment of demonstration bases and provision of training to the farmers， planting of high yielding and good quality thermo-sensitive rice varieties，etc.